{"id":1314,"date":"2024-01-06T17:04:25","date_gmt":"2024-01-06T09:04:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edu.secda.info\/scu12354014\/?p=1314"},"modified":"2024-01-06T17:04:25","modified_gmt":"2024-01-06T09:04:25","slug":"%e8%a8%88%e9%87%8f%e7%b6%93%e6%bf%9f%e5%ad%b8%e4%bd%9c%e6%a5%ad-u5-%e7%b0%a1%e5%96%ae%e7%b7%9a%e6%80%a7%e5%9b%9e%e6%ad%b8%e6%aa%a2%e5%ae%9a%e3%80%81%e4%bf%a1%e8%b3%b4%e5%8d%80%e9%96%93","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edu.secda.info\/scu12354014\/?p=1314","title":{"rendered":"\u8a08\u91cf\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u4f5c\u696d U5 \u7c21\u55ae\u7dda\u6027\u56de\u6b78\u6aa2\u5b9a\u3001\u4fe1\u8cf4\u5340\u9593"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>5.1 \u95dc\u65bc\u659c\u7387\u4fc2\u6578\u7684\u96d9\u908a\u5047\u8a2d\u6aa2\u5b9a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"math inline\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"c16d9591-5dc3-4171-b73f-69977113bdc9\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-8-Frame\" class=\"mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML\" style=\"-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; text-size-adjust: none; display: inline-table; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 17.6px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"presentation\" data-mathml=\"&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;H&lt;\/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;\/mn&gt;&lt;\/msub&gt;&lt;mo&gt;:&lt;\/mo&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;&amp;#x03B2;&lt;\/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;\/mn&gt;&lt;\/msub&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;\/mo&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;&amp;#x03B2;&lt;\/mi&gt;&lt;mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;\/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;,&lt;\/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;\/mn&gt;&lt;\/mrow&gt;&lt;\/msub&gt;&lt;\/math&gt;\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-40\" class=\"mjx-math\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-41\" class=\"mjx-mrow\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-42\" class=\"mjx-msubsup\"><span class=\"mjx-base\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-43\" class=\"mjx-mi\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I\">H<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mjx-sub\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-44\" class=\"mjx-mn\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-45\" class=\"mjx-mo MJXc-space3\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">:<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-46\" class=\"mjx-msubsup MJXc-space3\"><span class=\"mjx-base\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-47\" class=\"mjx-mi\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I\">\u03b2<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mjx-sub\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-48\" class=\"mjx-mn\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">1<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-49\" class=\"mjx-mo MJXc-space3\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">=<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-50\" class=\"mjx-msubsup MJXc-space3\"><span class=\"mjx-base\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-51\" class=\"mjx-mi\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I\">\u03b2<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mjx-sub\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-52\" class=\"mjx-texatom\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-53\" class=\"mjx-mrow\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-54\" class=\"mjx-mn\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">1<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-55\" class=\"mjx-mo\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">,<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-56\" class=\"mjx-mn\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"math inline\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"c16d9591-5dc3-4171-b73f-69977113bdc9\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-14-Frame\" class=\"mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML\" style=\"-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; text-size-adjust: none; display: inline-table; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 17.6px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"presentation\" data-mathml=\"&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;H&lt;\/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;\/mn&gt;&lt;\/msub&gt;&lt;mo&gt;:&lt;\/mo&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;&amp;#x03B2;&lt;\/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;\/mn&gt;&lt;\/msub&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&amp;#x2260;&lt;\/mo&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;&amp;#x03B2;&lt;\/mi&gt;&lt;mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;\/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;,&lt;\/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;\/mn&gt;&lt;\/mrow&gt;&lt;\/msub&gt;&lt;\/math&gt;\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-238\" class=\"mjx-math\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-239\" class=\"mjx-mrow\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-240\" class=\"mjx-msubsup\"><span class=\"mjx-base\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-241\" class=\"mjx-mi\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I\">H<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mjx-sub\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-242\" class=\"mjx-mn\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">1<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-243\" class=\"mjx-mo MJXc-space3\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">:<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-244\" class=\"mjx-msubsup MJXc-space3\"><span class=\"mjx-base\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-245\" class=\"mjx-mi\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I\">\u03b2<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mjx-sub\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-246\" class=\"mjx-mn\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">1<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-247\" class=\"mjx-mo MJXc-space3\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">\u2260<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-248\" class=\"mjx-msubsup MJXc-space3\"><span class=\"mjx-base\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-249\" class=\"mjx-mi\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I\">\u03b2<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mjx-sub\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-250\" class=\"mjx-texatom\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-251\" class=\"mjx-mrow\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-252\" class=\"mjx-mn\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">1<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-253\" class=\"mjx-mo\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">,<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-254\" class=\"mjx-mn\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>data(CASchools)<\/p>\n<p>CASchools$STR &lt;- CASchools$students\/CASchools$teachers<\/p>\n<p>CASchools$score &lt;- (CASchools$read + CASchools$math)\/2<\/p>\n<p>linear_model &lt;- lm(score ~ STR, data = CASchools)<\/p>\n<p>summary(linear_model)$coefficients<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Estimate\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Std. Error\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 t value\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Pr(&gt;|t|)<br \/>\n(Intercept)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 698.932949\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a09.4674911\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a073.824516\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a06.569846e-242<br \/>\nSTR\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0-2.279808\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 0.4798255\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><strong> \u00a0-4.751327<\/strong><\/span>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 2.783308e-06<\/p>\n<p>\u53ef\u7531summary\u5f97\u77e5\uff0c\u00a0<span class=\"math inline\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"c16d9591-5dc3-4171-b73f-69977113bdc9\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-38-Frame\" class=\"mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML\" style=\"-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; text-size-adjust: none; display: inline-table; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 17.6px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"presentation\" data-mathml=\"&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mi&gt;p&lt;\/mi&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;-value&lt;\/mtext&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;\/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2.78&lt;\/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&amp;#x22C5;&lt;\/mo&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mn&gt;10&lt;\/mn&gt;&lt;mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&amp;#x2212;&lt;\/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;6&lt;\/mn&gt;&lt;\/mrow&gt;&lt;\/msup&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;\/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0.05&lt;\/mn&gt;&lt;\/math&gt;\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-667\" class=\"mjx-math\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-668\" class=\"mjx-mrow\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-669\" class=\"mjx-mi\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I\">p<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-670\" class=\"mjx-mtext\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">-value<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-671\" class=\"mjx-mo MJXc-space3\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">=<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-672\" class=\"mjx-mn MJXc-space3\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">2.78 *\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-674\" class=\"mjx-msubsup MJXc-space2\"><span class=\"mjx-base\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-675\" class=\"mjx-mn\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">10<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mjx-sup\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-676\" class=\"mjx-texatom\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-677\" class=\"mjx-mrow\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-678\" class=\"mjx-mo\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">\u2212<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-679\" class=\"mjx-mn\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">6<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-680\" class=\"mjx-mo MJXc-space3\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">&lt;<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-681\" class=\"mjx-mn MJXc-space3\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">0.05<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u5011\u5f97\u51fa\u4fc2\u6578\u8207\u96f6\u986f\u8457\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5728\u00a0<span class=\"math inline\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"c16d9591-5dc3-4171-b73f-69977113bdc9\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-39-Frame\" class=\"mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML\" style=\"-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; text-size-adjust: none; display: inline-table; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 17.6px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"presentation\" data-mathml=\"&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mn&gt;5&lt;\/mn&gt;&lt;mi mathvariant=&quot;normal&quot;&gt;&amp;#x0025;&lt;\/mi&gt;&lt;\/math&gt;\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-682\" class=\"mjx-math\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-683\" class=\"mjx-mrow\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-684\" class=\"mjx-mn\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">5<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-685\" class=\"mjx-mi\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">%<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u6c34\u6e96\u4e0b\uff0c\u62d2\u7d55\u8ab2\u5802\u898f\u6a21\u5c0d\u5b78\u751f\u8003\u8a66\u6210\u7e3e\u6c92\u6709\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u6b64t\u5206\u914d\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\u70ba<span id=\"MJXc-Node-697\" class=\"mjx-mtext\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">DF<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-698\" class=\"mjx-mo MJXc-space3\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">=<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-699\" class=\"mjx-mi MJXc-space3\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I\">n<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-700\" class=\"mjx-mo MJXc-space2\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">\u2212<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-701\" class=\"mjx-mi MJXc-space2\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I\">k<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-702\" class=\"mjx-mo MJXc-space2\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">\u2212<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-703\" class=\"mjx-mn MJXc-space2\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">1\u00a0 \u00a0(=420-1-1 )<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>n=\u500b\u6578\uff0ck=\u56de\u6b78\u8b8a\u6578(\u672c\u984c\u70baSTR)<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/www.econometrics-with-r.org\/ITER_files\/figure-html\/unnamed-chunk-201-1.png\" width=\"691\" height=\"494\" \/><\/p>\n<p>p-Value\u70ba\u66f2\u7dda\u5de6\u908a\u7684\u66f2\u7dda\u4e0b\u9762\u7a4d\u52a0\u4e0a\u66f2\u7dda\u53f3\u908a\u7684\u66f2\u7dda\u4e0b\u9762\u7a4d\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>5.2 \u56de\u6b78\u4fc2\u6578\u7684\u4fe1\u8cf4\u5340\u9593<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u4fe1\u8cf4\u6c34\u6e96\u662f\u4fe1\u8cf4\u5340\u9593\u5305\u542b\u6bcd\u9ad4\u53c3\u6578\u771f\u5be6\u503c\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\u6216\u4fe1\u8cf4\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4fe1\u8cf4\u6c34\u6e96\u4ee51- \u03b1 \u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d \u03b1 \u70ba\u5141\u8a31\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u6a5f\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982 95%\u7684\u4fe1\u8cf4\u6c34\u6e96\u662f\u6307\u5728\u6b64\u4fe1\u8cf4\u6c34\u6e96\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u6240\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u4fe1\u8cf4\u5340\u9593\u6709 95% \u7684\u6a5f\u7387(\u53ef\u4fe1\u5ea6\u3001\u4fe1\u5fc3)\u6703\u5305\u542b\u6bcd\u9ad4\u53c3\u6578\u7684\u771f\u5be6\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528\u00a0<tt data-immersive-translate-walked=\"578bc195-5310-4eb3-8fbd-273c229bf2ea\">for()<\/tt>\u00a0\u8ff4\u5708\u5f9e\u00a0<span class=\"math inline\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"578bc195-5310-4eb3-8fbd-273c229bf2ea\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-35-Frame\" class=\"mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML\" style=\"-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; text-size-adjust: none; display: inline-table; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 17.6px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"presentation\" data-mathml=\"&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;&gt;&lt;mi class=&quot;MJX-tex-caligraphic&quot; mathvariant=&quot;script&quot;&gt;N&lt;\/mi&gt;&lt;\/mrow&gt;&lt;mo stretchy=&quot;false&quot;&gt;(&lt;\/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;5&lt;\/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;,&lt;\/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;25&lt;\/mn&gt;&lt;mo stretchy=&quot;false&quot;&gt;)&lt;\/mo&gt;&lt;\/math&gt;\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-341\" class=\"mjx-math\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-342\" class=\"mjx-mrow\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-343\" class=\"mjx-texatom\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-344\" class=\"mjx-mrow\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-345\" class=\"mjx-mi\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-cal-R\">N<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-346\" class=\"mjx-mo\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">(<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-347\" class=\"mjx-mn\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">5<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-348\" class=\"mjx-mo\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">,<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-349\" class=\"mjx-mn MJXc-space1\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">25<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-350\" class=\"mjx-mo\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u5206\u4f48\u4e2d\u62bd\u6a23\u00a0<span class=\"math inline\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"578bc195-5310-4eb3-8fbd-273c229bf2ea\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-34-Frame\" class=\"mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML\" style=\"-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; text-size-adjust: none; display: inline-table; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 17.6px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"presentation\" data-mathml=\"&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mn&gt;100&lt;\/mn&gt;&lt;\/math&gt;\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-338\" class=\"mjx-math\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-339\" class=\"mjx-mrow\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-340\" class=\"mjx-mn\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">100<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> \u500b\u89c0\u5bdf\u503c\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u8ff4\u5708\u7684\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fed\u4ee3\u4e2d\u8a08\u7b97 <span class=\"math inline\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"578bc195-5310-4eb3-8fbd-273c229bf2ea\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-36-Frame\" class=\"mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML\" style=\"-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; text-size-adjust: none; display: inline-table; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 17.6px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"presentation\" data-mathml=\"&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;&gt;&lt;mover&gt;&lt;mi&gt;&amp;#x03BC;&lt;\/mi&gt;&lt;mo stretchy=&quot;false&quot;&gt;&amp;#x005E;&lt;\/mo&gt;&lt;\/mover&gt;&lt;\/mrow&gt;&lt;\/math&gt;\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\" role=\"presentation\">^<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"math inline\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"578bc195-5310-4eb3-8fbd-273c229bf2ea\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-36-Frame\" class=\"mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML\" style=\"-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; text-size-adjust: none; display: inline-table; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 17.6px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"presentation\" data-mathml=\"&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;&gt;&lt;mover&gt;&lt;mi&gt;&amp;#x03BC;&lt;\/mi&gt;&lt;mo stretchy=&quot;false&quot;&gt;&amp;#x005E;&lt;\/mo&gt;&lt;\/mover&gt;&lt;\/mrow&gt;&lt;\/math&gt;\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-351\" class=\"mjx-math\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-352\" class=\"mjx-mrow\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-353\" class=\"mjx-texatom\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-354\" class=\"mjx-mrow\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-355\" class=\"mjx-munderover\"><span class=\"mjx-stack\"><span class=\"mjx-op\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-356\" class=\"mjx-mi\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I\">\u03bc<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u4ee5\u53ca\u7f6e\u4fe1\u5340\u9593\u7684\u908a\u754c\u3002<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>mean(CIs[, 1] &lt;= 5 &amp; 5 &lt;= CIs[, 2])<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u8986\u84cb\u00a0<span class=\"math inline\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"578bc195-5310-4eb3-8fbd-273c229bf2ea\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-40-Frame\" class=\"mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML\" style=\"-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; text-size-adjust: none; display: inline-table; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 17.6px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"presentation\" data-mathml=\"&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mi&gt;&amp;#x03BC;&lt;\/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;\/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;5&lt;\/mn&gt;&lt;\/math&gt;\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-370\" class=\"mjx-math\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-371\" class=\"mjx-mrow\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-372\" class=\"mjx-mi\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I\">\u03bc<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-373\" class=\"mjx-mo MJXc-space3\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">=<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-374\" class=\"mjx-mn MJXc-space3\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">5<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u7684\u5340\u9593\u6bd4\u4f8b\u70ba0.9487\uff0c\u7121\u6cd5\u62d2\u7d55<span class=\"math inline\" data-immersive-translate-walked=\"578bc195-5310-4eb3-8fbd-273c229bf2ea\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-41-Frame\" class=\"mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML\" style=\"-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; text-size-adjust: none; display: inline-table; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 17.6px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"presentation\" data-mathml=\"&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;H&lt;\/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;\/mn&gt;&lt;\/msub&gt;&lt;mo&gt;:&lt;\/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;&amp;#x03BC;&lt;\/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;\/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;5&lt;\/mn&gt;&lt;\/math&gt;\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-375\" class=\"mjx-math\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-376\" class=\"mjx-mrow\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-377\" class=\"mjx-msubsup\"><span class=\"mjx-base\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-378\" class=\"mjx-mi\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I\">H<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mjx-sub\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-379\" class=\"mjx-mn\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-380\" class=\"mjx-mo MJXc-space3\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">:<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-381\" class=\"mjx-mi MJXc-space3\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I\">\u03bc<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-382\" class=\"mjx-mo MJXc-space3\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">=<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-383\" class=\"mjx-mn MJXc-space3\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">5\u7684\u5047\u8a2d<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>(95%\u7684\u4fe1\u8cf4\u6c34\u6e96\u610f\u7fa9\uff1a\u91cd\u8907\u5efa\u7acb100\u500b\u5340\u9593\uff0c\u7d04\u6709100 * 95 % =95\u500b\u5340\u9593\u5305\u542b\u6bcd\u9ad4\/\u7d04\u6709100 * 5% = 5\u500b\u5340\u9593\u4e0d\u6703\u5305\u542b\u6bcd\u9ad4)<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/www.econometrics-with-r.org\/ITER_files\/figure-html\/unnamed-chunk-208-1.png\" width=\"545\" height=\"681\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>5.1 \u95dc\u65bc\u659c\u7387\u4fc2\u6578\u7684\u96d9\u908a\u5047\u8a2d\u6aa2\u5b9a H0:\u03b21=\u03b21,0 H1:\u03b21\u2260\u03b21,0 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edu.secda.info\/scu12354014\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1314"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edu.secda.info\/scu12354014\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edu.secda.info\/scu12354014\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edu.secda.info\/scu12354014\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/16"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edu.secda.info\/scu12354014\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1314"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/edu.secda.info\/scu12354014\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1314\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1317,"href":"https:\/\/edu.secda.info\/scu12354014\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1314\/revisions\/1317"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edu.secda.info\/scu12354014\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1314"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edu.secda.info\/scu12354014\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1314"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edu.secda.info\/scu12354014\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1314"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}